The Main Principles Of Functionalism - 1429 Words

Talcott Parsons stated the main principles of functionalism. He believed that the extended family, pre industrial, was no longer needed and as industrialization grew the family learned to adapt by adopting the nuclear family structure. This typically consisted of a mother, father and two children. Parson also said that the male of the family still needed to be the main income of the family and act as the bread winner . Women s place however was at the family home raising the children and carrying out domestic chores. Parsons agreed the family unit had several functions in society however its two main functions were socialization and stabilization of personalities (a sociologyof family life deborah.c), Conflicting theory however has contradicting views and explanations on the purpose of the family unit in society. Conflict theory interprets the family as a system of power relations that reinforces and reflects the inequalities in society. (understanding a diverse society sociology pg399) These inequalities consist of gender, class, and ethnic inequalities. The gender roles keep the women from forming a career and labels her with a stigma if she chooses to not bear children. The socialization of children into their classes is also just a way of making individuals conform to their class and the needs of capitalism with little conflict. By reinforcing this system of hierarchy the children s life chances are weakened and social mobility is a rare occurrence. As aShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society983 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough functionalism is the more popular perspective, it is not flawless. There are conflicts of interest about the relations between the sc hool and society. The main problem with functionalism is that it tends to emphasize the social needs of society over the individual’s need. Robert Merton, a critic of functionalism comments that â€Å"because many functionalisms have assumed that every social practice and institution must be understood in terms of its adaptive function for the society as a wholeRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesFUNCTIONALISM Functionalism is a theory that aspect stresses the crucial stability and participation within modern society. The social events are clarified by reference to the functions that achieves in allowing constancy within society. The society is related to biological organism in that the whole is seen to be made up of interdependent and unified parts, this assimilation is the result of a general agreement on core values and norms. Over the process of socialisation, we can learn these rulesRead MoreThe Social Perspectives Functionalism And Marxism Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, will be explaining and comparing the social perspectives Functionalism and Marxism. Functionalism is a theory that aspect stresses the crucial stability and participation within modern society. The social events are clarified by reference to the functions that achieves in allowing constancy within society. Functionalism state that education helps the needs of industrial society by an advanced labour, e ducation helps the needs of the social system by teaching pupils communal valuesRead MoreFunctionalism And Radcliffe Brown s Functionalism1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof anthropology for a large swath of the twentieth century. These two theories are known as functionalism, which was developed by Bronislaw Malinowski, and structural functionalism -- developed by A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. The two theories are similar, in that, both theories examine the function phenomena have in maintaining social cohesion. However, Malinowski’s functionalism and Radcliffe-Brown’s functionalism are vastly different and come to different conclusions on the functions of social phenomenaRead MoreSchool of Thought1108 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major thought that have influenced our knowledge and understanding of psychology: Structuralism, functionalism, b ehaviorism: Structuralism: Structuralism was the first school of psychology, and focused on breaking down mental process into the most basic component, Major structuralism thinkers include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchner. This schoolRead More A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society1130 Words   |  5 Pagessmoothly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe functionalism is that it views society as a body, with the different socialisation agents —government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of course, education—being like the different organs in a body, each contributing in a different way to keeping the entire body healthy. Functionalism assumes that the various institutions of a society always operate so as to support that societyRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. TheyRead MoreFunctionalist Theory And Conflict Theory1597 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Harris Sociology 409 Exam #2 Group A FUNCTIONALISM AND CONFLICT THEORY Functionalisms reign was dominant through earl 1950s through late 1960s. August Comte, Herbert Spencer, and Emile Durkheim played important roles in the development of the theory. Talcott Parsons, another important writer of the functionalist theory, attempted to develop concepts that would help organize our perception of reality. He also developed a fourfold classification scheme, Adoption, Goal attainment, interagationRead MoreParsons Agil Perspective On Social Systems Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesParsons critics has been Robert Merton, who has attempted to arrange functional analysis so as to overcome what he has observed as its weaknesses. Merton raises the question as to whether functionalism is—as many of its critics have alleged—inherently conservative. His conclusion is that it is not. Even though the main modern tradition of anti religion—Marxism—regards religion as a consequence of an economically exploitative society, it also looks upon rel igion as performing integrative functions inRead MorePhilosophy of Science in Social Research1455 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Approaches of philosophy of science in social research There are certain approaches of philosophy of science in social research- * Realism * Empiricism * Positivism * Post positivism * Idealism * Rationalism * Functionalism * Structuralism * Utilitarianism * Instrumentalism * Feminism * Materialism * Skepticism * Nomothetic and Ideographic * Solipsism * Atomism * Holism * Perspectivism * Relativism These are described

Dr. Quyyumi During The Community Health Fair - 834 Words

I had the opportunity to work with Dr. Quyyumi during the Community Health Fair that is held twice every year. This charity clinic provides care for underserved and uninsured patients. My duties included patient triage, focused history and physical exam, blood drawing and performing pap smears. The experience allowed me to practice my clinical skills and provide care to patients in need. I participated in taking patients histories, doing physical examinations, reviewing lab results and prescribing the appropriate treatment, I helped in performing administrative duties and updating patients’ medical records. At the clinic’s pharmacy, I assisted the pharmacist in explaining the medication route of administration, dosing, and frequency. I also involved in introducing public health awareness and vaccination projects during our local medical tours. I had the opportunity to work with Dr. Moussa at Scottish rite hospital. I assisted in obtaining histories, performing physical exams, reviewing lab work and discussing differential diagnosis with assessment and plan. The experience allowed me to practice my clinical knowledge while learning about inpatient medicine. My responsibilities were taking patients’ histories, doing physical examinations, performing EKGs, reviewing the patient medications, discussing the management plan and updating the electronic medical records, also I participated in inpatient rounds in the afternoon at Piedmont Hospital and Emory Midtown Hospital.Show MoreRelatedEpidemiology Of Transition For Stage D Heart Failure1529 Words   |  7 Pages Project: â€Å"Pulmonary Function Testing and Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients Listed for Heart Transplantation†. The study examined the prediction power of spirometric variables on the prognosis among HF patients listed for heart transplantation. During this experience, I was actively involved in data collection, data entry and result analysis. I also had hands-on experience in the conduct and administration of the clinical research study protocol. The data were published in Cardiac Failure Journal

Asset Revaluations and Earnings Management

Question: Discuss about the Asset Revaluations and Earnings Management. Answer: Introduction: The revaluations of the fixed assets are done to depict the true value of the assets and the company decides to revalue their non-current assets because they provide relevant information to the users of the financial statements. The company revaluing their assets needs to ensure that the revaluation is been done with sufficient regularity so that there is not nay material difference between the carrying value and the fair value. The company considers the frequency of changes in the fair value of the non-current assets when deciding to revalue those (Cho et al., 2015). If there is a volatile change in the fair value of the non-current assets then the revaluation is done on the annual basis. Several other factors forms the basis of the revaluation is when the non-current assets have appreciated considerably and is shown the fair market value of the assets. The company needs to revalue its non-current assets when it is planning to take loan from the financial institution by mortgaging them. The company is able to solve the difficulties of generating cash flows by revaluating the assets. The company seeking the capital does the true rate of return on the capital generated by revaluing the assets and this and this information would be vital to the investors (Derun, 2013). In addition to this, the company is able to negotiate the true and fair value of the non-current assets in the case of merger or acquisitions by revaluation. The two organizations selected form the ASX is the BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto Limited. The BHP Billiton Ltd revalues its non-current assets after carrying out formal impairment tests for all the assets that is non-current and this is done when there is an indication of such impairment. The company monitors several external factors before revaluing the assets. The factors such as the changes in the expected future prices, market factors and other related costs are monitored in order to assess the indication of the revaluation. The company conducts the internal reviews of the assets annually. The information generated by this is used to assess the revaluation of the assets. The recoverable amount is asset is estimated if there is an existence of such indications. If there is an existence of any existence of the revaluation of the assets then the recoverable amount of assets is calculated and this is calculated by taking the higher of the fair value and the then deducting the direct cost of disposal and the value of asset in use. If the recoverable amount of assets is mor e than the value of the asset in use, then the assets are revalued. If there is any loss arising from the revaluation then that is charged in the income of statement so that the carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount to be treated in the balance sheet (Hu, et al., 2015). The assessments of the revaluation of the non-current assets are based on assumptions and few ranges of estimates. There is an estimate of the future production and the basis of the future production is based on the probable and proved reserves, expansion of any projects, and estimates of the resources. The commodity prices are estimated on the basis of the contract prices and the forward market and estimates of the price protocol of the longer term. The revaluation is also based on the discount rate to be estimated from the cost of capital which is adjusted to the resources and on the exchange rates that is base on the forward and the current market exchange rates (Wali, 2015). The company determines the fair value of the assets by estimating the amount of the sale of the assets. The mineral assets of the company are determined by estimating the present value of the future cash flow that would arise from the continuous use of the assets. This would involve any disposal of assets, prospects of the future expansion. The company arrives at the net present value of the assets by discounting at the appropriate rate. When the calculations for the revaluation of the assets are performed then the assets are referred to as the cash generating units and are considered as the collective groups. These units, which generate cash, are the identifiable group of liabilities, assets and it also include goodwill that would generate the cash flows, and these are independent of any other group of assets (BHP Billiton.com, 2016). The revaluation of the non-current assets of the Rio Tinto limited is independent from the cash generated from any other current assets. The company revalues its goodwill and other intangible assets regardless of any need of being revalued. If the company has an indication that the carrying value or the amount of the non-current assets such as plant and equipment are not recoverable then the internal review of the value of these assets are conducted which acts as a source of information for the revaluation of these assets (Annual report 2015 - Rio Tinto, 2016). The company when revaluing the assets considers several other factors. The market price of the mineral assets, costs and the future price of the commodities are considered so as to monitor the need for impairment. The forecasting of the price of the ore reserves is generally consistent with the forecasting done for the assessment of the revaluation. The observable input is used to measure the recoverable amount. The mine plan of the company takes into account all the characteristics of the ore body such as haul distances, waste to ore ratios, chemical properties of ore, which would affect the process of the amount to be recovered. The long term plan of production and the life of mine would form the basis of the forecasting of the prices which is also one of the factors leading to the revaluation of the non-current assets (Yao et al., 2015). The two companies have based their revaluation of their non-current assets using several factors, which are internal as well as external to their operation. The internal factors indicating the need of revaluation comes from the reviewing of the need for the impairment. The review of the value of the non-current assets are done annually and this is used as the information source to revalue. However, the factors which are external to the company and indicating the need for revaluation is assessed by forecasting about the future prices and by considering the costs and the market factors. All the external factors are analyzed by the company which form the basis of revaluation Reference: Bhpbilliton.com. (2016). Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf. Annual report 2015 - Rio Tinto. (2016).Riotinto.com. Retrieved 11 September 2016, from https://www.riotinto.com/investors/annual-report-2015-16577.aspx Cho, H., Chung, J. R., Kim, Y. J. (2015). Asset Revaluation and External Financing: Evidence from Australia.Available at SSRN 2557978. Choi, T. H., Pae, J., Park, S., Song, Y. (2013). Asset revaluations: motives and choice of items to revalue.Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics,20(2), 144-171. Derun, I. (2013). Ways for Accounting Policy Improvement of Non-current Assets at Industrial Enterprises (by Ferroconcrete Structures Plant Example).Accounting and Finance, (4), 24-31. Hu, F., Percy, M., Yao, D. (2015). Asset revaluations and earnings management: Evidence from Australian companies.Corporate Ownership and Control,13(1), 930-939. Wali, S. (2015). Mechanisms fixed asset revaluation.International Journal of Accounting and Finance,5(1), 82-97. Yao, D. F. T., Percy, M., Hu, F. (2015). Fair value accounting for non-current assets and audit fees: evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), 31-45.